The upgraded array element type of a type T_1 is a type T_2 that is a supertype of T_1 and that is used instead of T_1 whenever T_1 is used as an array element type for object creation or type discrimination.
During creation of an array, the element type that was requested is called the expressed array element type . The upgraded array element type of the expressed array element type becomes the actual array element type of the array that is created.
Type upgrading implies a movement upwards in the type hierarchy lattice. A type is always a subtype of its upgraded array element type. Also, if a type T_x is a subtype of another type T_y, then the upgraded array element type of T_x must be a subtype of the upgraded array element type of T_y. Two disjoint types can be upgraded to the same type.
The upgraded array element type T_2 of a type T_1 is a function only of T_1 itself; that is, it is independent of any other property of the array for which T_2 will be used, such as rank, adjustability, fill pointers, or displacement. The function upgraded-array-element-type can be used by conforming programs to predict how the implementation will upgrade a given type.
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